The groups estimate there are about 300 wolverines left, scattered across the Mountain West, including Idaho, Washington and Oregon. Their young depend on snowy, high altitude habitat that could disappear as the climate warms.
Gary Macfarlane is with the advocacy group Friends of the Clearwater, which signed on to sue federal agencies if they don’t add wolverines to the Endangered Species List in 60 days. The notice of intent to sue includes 10 groups.
Macfarlane said Idaho has some of the most pristine wolverine habitat, but it’s threatened by climate change and winter recreation.
“These areas are becoming fewer and fewer. And they may be places [where] people want to snowmobile or recreate in the winter, and that’s a huge concern,” Macfarlane said.
A spokesperson with the Idaho State Snowmobile Association says a five-year study was inconclusive about whether winter recreation harms wolverines.
“We do know that it’s an important critter. We know that we care about them deeply. What we hope is to educate snowmobilers to stay away from areas where there [are] wolverines. We don’t want to negatively impact them,” said Sandra Mitchell, who oversees the public lands program for the snowmobile group.
In 2018, the Cascades Carnivore Project snapped trail pictures of a mother wolverine with kits — the first such find in the southern part of Washington’s Cascades in recent history.
Conservation groups say protecting the fragile ecosystem, where wolverines den in the snowpack, would also help other species on the brink, like the Canada lynx and pine marten. Wolverines live in some hostile environments.
“[Wolverines] are an indicator to what we’re doing to the planet in terms of global warming because they do need persistent snow,” Macfarlane said.
Conservation groups have been trying to get wolverines listed as threatened on the Endangered Species List for 20 years.
In 2016, the groups sued the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, after the federal government withdrew a proposal to add wolverines to the Endangered Species List, “going against the advice of its own biologists,” according to a news report from E&E News. A judge ruled the federal government had to make a final decision about wolverines.
Wildlife advocates say the Fish and Wildlife Service has been “sitting on its laurels” because the 2016 court ruling didn’t set a deadline. That’s why they’re trying to compel the government to make a decision, said Brad Smith of the Idaho Conservation League.
“As we lost the last mountain caribous in North Idaho and in the Lower 48 States, it was really heartbreaking. I’d hate to see us also lose wolverines,” Smith said. “As we lose more and more species, we lose more and more cogs in our ecosystem. It can have a cascading effect.”
The Fish and Wildlife Service declined to comment on pending litigation.
This story was first published on Northwest Public Broadcasting on Jan. 18, 2020.
